The Andromeda Galaxy is our nearest large galactic neighbour, containing
several hundred billion stars. Combined, these images show all stages
of the stellar life cycle. The infrared image from Herschel shows areas
of cool dust that trace reservoirs of gas in which forming stars are
embedded. The optical image shows adult stars. XMM-Newton’s X-ray image
shows the violent endpoints of stellar evolution, in which individual
stars explode or pairs of stars pull each other to pieces.
5 January 2011
Two ESA observatories have combined forces to show the Andromeda Galaxy
in a new light. Herschel sees rings of star formation in this, the most
detailed image of the Andromeda Galaxy ever taken at infrared
wavelengths, and XMM-Newton shows dying stars shining X-rays into space.
During Christmas 2010, ESA’s Herschel and XMM-Newton space observatories targeted the nearest large spiral galaxy M31. This is a galaxy similar to our own Milky Way – both contain several hundred billion stars. This is the most detailed far-infrared image of the Andromeda Galaxy ever taken and shows clearly that more stars are on their way.
During Christmas 2010, ESA’s Herschel and XMM-Newton space observatories targeted the nearest large spiral galaxy M31. This is a galaxy similar to our own Milky Way – both contain several hundred billion stars. This is the most detailed far-infrared image of the Andromeda Galaxy ever taken and shows clearly that more stars are on their way.
Sensitive to far-infrared light, Herschel sees clouds of cool dust and
gas where stars can form. Inside these clouds are many dusty cocoons
containing forming stars, each star pulling itself together in a slow
gravitational process that can last for hundreds of millions of years.
Once a star reaches a high enough density, it will begin to shine at
optical wavelengths. It will emerge from its birth cloud and become
visible to ordinary telescopes.
Many galaxies are spiral in shape but Andromeda is interesting because it shows a large ring of dust about 75 000 light-years across encircling the centre of the galaxy. Some astronomers speculate that this dust ring may have been formed in a recent collision with another galaxy. This new Herschel image reveals yet more intricate details, with at least five concentric rings of star-forming dust visible.
Many galaxies are spiral in shape but Andromeda is interesting because it shows a large ring of dust about 75 000 light-years across encircling the centre of the galaxy. Some astronomers speculate that this dust ring may have been formed in a recent collision with another galaxy. This new Herschel image reveals yet more intricate details, with at least five concentric rings of star-forming dust visible.
ESA Herschel space observatory image of Andromeda (M31) using both
PACS and SPIRE instruments to observe at infrared wavelengths of 70 mm
(blue), 100 mm (green) and 160 mm and 250 mm combined (red). The image
spans approximately 1 x 3 degrees.
This image was featured as space science image of the week on 28 January 2013.
La Cara más fría de Andrómeda.-
Esta nueva imagen de la galaxia de Andrómeda, tomada por el observatorio
espacial Herschel de la ESA, nos muestra las regiones de la galaxia en
las que se están formando nuevas estrellas con un nivel de detalle sin
precedentes.
La galaxia de Andrómeda, también conocida como M31, se encuentra a 2.5
millones de años luz de nuestro planeta, lo que la convierte en la
galaxia principal más cercana a la Vía Láctea y en un objetivo ideal
para estudiar la formación de las estrellas y la evolución de las
galaxias.
Los instrumentos de Herschel, capaces de detectar la luz emitida por la
fría mezcla de polvo y gas interestelar en la banda del infrarrojo
lejano, estudia las nubes de las que surgirán nuevas estrellas. Esta
imagen nos muestra algunas de las nubes más frías de la galaxia – a tan
sólo unas décimas de grado por encima del cero absoluto – coloreadas en
rojo.
El color azul marca las regiones relativamente más cálidas, como el
bulbo galáctico, densamente poblado por estrellas más antiguas.
La galaxia de Andrómeda, con una extensión de 200.000 años luz, presenta
una compleja estructura en la que las regiones de formación de
estrellas están organizadas a lo largo de brazos en espiral y de al
menos cinco anillos concéntricos, intercalados con bandas oscuras sin
actividad.
Esta imagen revela que en la galaxia de Andrómeda, hogar de cientos de
miles de millones de estrellas, pronto comenzarán a brillar muchas más.
ESAGuillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
ayabaca@gmail.com
ayabaca@hotmail.com
ayabaca@yahoo.com
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