lunes, 9 de junio de 2014

NASA : NASA Announces Briefing on New Mission to Track Global Carbon Dioxide


Thank You, Earthlings
It's been called "the world's biggest selfie." We're not going to lie: We call it "a little overwhelming."
At NASA, we just wanted a way to reach out to people everywhere around the globe to celebrate Earth Day. So we asked people to post a selfie in response to a simple question, "Where are you on Earth Right Now?" More than 50,000 photos streamed in, and the end result is our global selfie, comprised of 36,422 of those photos.
You can find the full, 3.2 gigapixel mosaic here:
This is an important year for NASA Earth science. At a time when our planet is changing, five new NASA missions are launching to space to help provide a clearer view and better understanding of Earth.
We thank you, one more time, for stepping outside this Earth Day and helping us create awareness of -- and a new way of looking at -- our home planet.
You can find out more about NASA's Earth science activities in 2014 here:

NASA Announces Briefing on New Mission to Track Global Carbon Dioxide

NASA will hold a media briefing at 2 p.m. EDT Thursday, June 12, at the NASA Headquarters James E. Webb Auditorium in Washington to discuss the upcoming Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 mission.
The briefings will be broadcast live on NASA Television and streamed on the agency's website.
OCO-2, NASA’s first spacecraft dedicated to studying carbon dioxide, is set for a July 1 launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Its mission is to measure the global distribution of carbon dioxide, the leading human-produced greenhouse gas driving changes in Earth’s climate. OCO-2 replaces a nearly identical spacecraft lost in a rocket launch mishap in February 2009.
The briefing participants are:
-- Betsy Edwards, OCO-2 program executive with the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington
-- Ralph Basilio, OCO-2 project manager with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California
-- Mike Gunson, OCO-2 project scientist at JPL
-- Annmarie Eldering, OCO-2 deputy project scientist at JPL
Media may ask questions from participating agency centers or by telephone. To participate by phone, reporters must send an email providing their name, affiliation and telephone number to Steve Cole at stephen.e.cole@nasa.gov by noon Thursday.
Media and the public also may ask questions during the briefing on Twitter using the hashtag #AskNASA.
OCO-2 is one of five NASA Earth science missions scheduled for launch in 2014. NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites and ambitious airborne and ground-based observation campaigns. NASA develops new ways to observe and study Earth's interconnected natural systems with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to better see how our planet is changing. The agency shares this unique knowledge with the global community and works with institutions around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet.
For more information about NASA's Earth science activities in 2014, visit:
JPL manages the OCO-2 mission for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. JPL is managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
For NASA TV streaming video, downlink and updated scheduling information, visit:
For more information about NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2, visit:
 
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

domingo, 8 de junio de 2014

NASA : NASA Beams "Hello, World!" Video from Space via Laser

 

NASA Beams Video From Space via Laser

06.06.14 - NASA successfully beamed a high-definition video 260 miles from the International Space Station to Earth Thursday using a new laser communications instrument. Transmission of "Hello, World!" as a video message was the first 175-megabit communication for the Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science (OPA ...

Asteroid Discovered by NASA to Pass Earth Safely


06.06.14 - A newfound asteroid will safely pass Earth on June 8 from a distance of about 777,000 miles (1.25 million km), more than three times farther away than our moon. Designated 2014 HQ124, the asteroid was discovered April 23, 2014, by NASA's NEOWISE mission, a space telescope adapted for scouting the sk ...
  • Progress Ready to Undock From ISS Monday Morning

    06.06.14 - Expedition 40 is preparing to take out the trash when a resupply craft undocks Monday morning. The ISS Progress 53 (53P) cargo craft has been filled with trash and discarded gear. It will undock from the aft end of the Zvezda service module Monday at 9:30 a.m. EDT. The crew is also counting down to ...
  • NASA Helps 'Angry Birds Space' Find Asteroids!

    06.05.14 - After a couple of years and hundreds of millions of downloads, the space-based struggle between birds and pigs moves beyond the International Space Station and Mars, and deeper into the final frontier. The latest update from Rovio Entertainment sends Angry Birds Space into NASA’s next target for fut ...
  • NASA's Orion Spacecraft is Ready to Feel the Heat

    06.05.14 - NASA and Lockheed Martin engineers have installed the largest heat shield ever constructed on the crew module of the agency's Orion spacecraft. The work marks a major milestone on the path toward the spacecraft's first launch in December. Orion’s flight test, or Exploration Flight Test-1, will provi ...
  • New Suspect Identified in Supernova Explosion

    06.04.14 - Supernovas are often thought of as tremendous explosions that mark the ends of massive stars' lives, but not all supernovas occur in this fashion. A common supernova class, Type Ia, involves the detonation of white dwarfs -- small, dense stars that are already dead. New results from NASA's Spitzer S ...
  • Hubble Unveils Most Colorful View of Universe Captured

    06.03.14 - Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have assembled a comprehensive picture of the evolving universe – among the most colorful deep space images ever captured by the 24-year-old telescope. Researchers say the image, in new study called the Ultraviolet Coverage of the Hubble Ultra Deep Fie ...
  • Black Hole ‘Batteries’ Keep Blazars Going and Going

    06.03.14 - Astronomers studying two classes of black-hole-powered galaxies monitored by NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope have found evidence that they represent different sides of the same cosmic coin. By unraveling how these objects, called blazars, are distributed throughout the universe, the scientist ...
  • Like Apollo 10, EFT-1 Prepares for Future Missions

    06.03.14 - NASA recently marked the 45th anniversary of Apollo 10, the mission that served as the "dress rehearsal" for the first lunar landing two months later. The agency now is preparing to launch its first human-rated spacecraft capable of not only a trip to the moon, but beyond. Performance during re-ent ...
  • How NASA Builds a Space Laser

    06.03.14 - To build a satellite that will measure all the bumps and dips of our dynamic Earth, engineers started with a black box, built of a composite honeycomb material to make it as light as possible. The structure was precisely manufactured with an opening to allow lasers to beam to Earth, and other window ...
NASA successfully beamed a high-definition video 260 miles from the International Space Station to Earth Thursday using a new laser communications instrument.
Transmission of "Hello, World!" as a video message was the first 175-megabit communication for the Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS), a technology demonstration that allows NASA to test methods for communication with future spacecraft using higher bandwidth than radio waves.
"The International Space Station is a test bed for a host of technologies that are helping us increase our knowledge of how we operate in space and enable us to explore even farther into the solar system," said Sam Scimemi, International Space Station division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "Using the space station to investigate ways we can improve communication rates with spacecraft beyond low-Earth orbit is another example of how the orbital complex serves as a stepping stone to human deep space exploration."
Optical communication tools like OPALS use focused laser energy to reach data rates between 10 and 1,000 times higher than current space communications, which rely on radio portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Because the space station orbits Earth at 17,500 mph, transmitting data from the space station to Earth requires extremely precise targeting. The process can be equated to a person aiming a laser pointer at the end of a human hair 30 feet away and keeping it there while walking.
To achieve this extreme precision during Thursday’s demonstration, OPALS locked onto a laser beacon emitted by the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory ground station at the Table Mountain Observatory in Wrightwood, California, and began to modulate the beam from its 2.5-watt, 1,550-nanometer laser to transmit the video. The entire transmission lasted 148 seconds and reached a maximum data transmission rate of 50 megabits per second. It took OPALS 3.5 seconds to transmit each copy of the "Hello World!" video message, which would have taken more than 10 minutes using traditional downlink methods.
"It's incredible to see this magnificent beam of light arriving from our tiny payload on the space station," said Matt Abrahamson, OPALS mission manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. "We look forward to experimenting with OPALS over the coming months in hopes that our findings will lead to optical communications capabilities for future deep space exploration missions."
The OPALS Project Office is based at JPL, where the instrument was built.  OPALS arrived to the space station April 20 aboard SpaceX's Dragon cargo spacecraft and is slated to run for a prime mission of 90 days.
View the "Hello, World!" video transmission and animation of the transmission between OPALS and the ground station, at:
For more information about OPALS, visit:
For more information about the International Space Station, visit:
 
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

viernes, 6 de junio de 2014

NASA : NASA's Orion Spacecraft is Ready to Feel the Heat


Engineers complete installing the heat shield on NASA’s Orion spacecraft
Engineers completed installing the heat shield on NASA’s Orion spacecraft ahead of its first trip to space in December. The flight test will send an uncrewed Orion 3,600 miles into space before returning it to Earth for the splashdown in the Pacific Ocean. The heat shield will help protect the Orion crew vehicle from temperatures of about 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit during its reentry into Earth’s atmosphere.
Image Credit: NASA/Daniel Casper
 
NASA and Lockheed Martin engineers have installed the largest heat shield ever constructed on the crew module of the agency's Orion spacecraft. The work marks a major milestone on the path toward the spacecraft's first launch in December.
"It is extremely exciting to see the heat shield in place, ready to do its job," said Mark Geyer, Orion Program manager at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. "The heat shield is such a critical piece, not just for this mission, but for our plans to send humans into deep space."
The heat shield is made of a coating called Avcoat, which burns away as it heats up in a process called ablation to prevent the transfer of extreme temperatures to the crew module. The Avcoat is covered with a silver reflective tape that protects the material from the extreme cold temperatures of space.
Orion’s flight test, or Exploration Flight Test-1, will provide engineers with data about the heat shield's ability to protect Orion and its future crews from the 4,000-degree heat of reentry and an ocean splashdown following the spacecraft’s 20,000-mph reentry from space.
Data gathered during the flight will inform decisions about design improvements on the heat shield and other Orion systems, and authenticate existing computer models and new approaches to space systems design and development. This process is critical to reducing overall risks and costs of future Orion missions -- missions that will include exploring an asteroid and Mars.
Orion's flight test also will provide important data for the agency’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and ocean recovery of Orion. Engineers at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, have built an advanced adapter to connect Orion to the United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket that will launch the spacecraft during the December test. The adapter also will be used during future SLS missions. NASA’s Ground Systems Development and Operations Program, based at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, will recover the Orion crew module with the U.S. Navy after its splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.
The heat shield was manufactured at Lockheed Martin's Waterton Facility near Denver. Construction was completed at Textron Defense Systems near Boston before the heat shield was shipped to the Operations and Checkout Building at Kennedy, where Orion is being assembled.
In the coming months, the Orion crew and service modules will be joined and put through functional tests before the spacecraft is transported to Kennedy’s Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility for fueling. The spacecraft then will be transferred to the Launch Abort System (LAS) Facility to be connected to the LAS before making the journey to Cape Canaveral’s Space Launch Complex 37 for pad integration and launch operations.
For more information on Orion, visit:
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui

miércoles, 4 de junio de 2014

NASA : UN PÚLSAR EN LA SUPERNOVA

Un Púlsar en el Interior de la Burbuja de una Supernova

 
 Las estrellas masivas mueren de forma dramática, explotando como espectaculares supernovas que liberan una gran cantidad de masa y energía. Estas explosiones arrastran todo el material de sus alrededores, creando una gran burbuja que se va expandiendo en el medio interestelar. En el corazón de estas burbujas se encuentra una pequeña y densa estrella de neutrones o un agujero negro, los restos de lo que en su día fue una brillante estrella.
Las burbujas formadas por las explosiones de supernova sólo brillan durante unas pocas decenas de miles de años antes de disolverse por completo, por lo que no es fácil detectar una estrella de neutrones o un agujero negro que todavía esté rodeado por su onda expansiva. Esta imagen nos muestra un buen ejemplo de este fenómeno, desvelando una estrella de neutrones en rotación y fuertemente magnetizada – lo que se conoce como un púlsar –  envuelta en su sudario cósmico, los restos de la explosión en la que se formó. 
Este púlsar, conocido como SXP 1062, se encuentra a las afueras de la Pequeña Nube de Magallanes, una de las galaxias satélite de nuestra Vía Láctea, y está devorando el material de la estrella que lo acompaña, lo que provoca potentes emisiones de rayos X. En el futuro esta región presentará un aspecto todavía más dramático, ya que SXP 1062 está acompañado por una estrella masiva que también terminará sus días explotando como una supernova.
Un Púlsar en el Interior de la Burbuja de una Supernova
Un Púlsar en el Interior de la Burbuja de una Supernova. Image Credit: ESA
 
La mayoría de los púlsares presentan un periodo de rotación increíblemente rápido, dando varias vueltas completas cada segundo. Sin embargo, al estudiar la nube de expansión que rodea a SXP 1062, los astrónomos han descubierto que este púlsar está girando demasiado lento. De hecho, es uno de los púlsares más lentos de los que se tiene constancia. 
Si bien la causa de este extraño comportamiento sigue siendo un misterio, la principal hipótesis sugiere que la rotación del púlsar podría estar frenada por su potente campo magnético. 
El resplandor azul en el centro de la burbuja representa las emisiones en rayos X del propio púlsar y del gas caliente que ocupa el interior de la onda expansiva. Los objetos azules que se pueden ver al fondo de la imagen son otras fuentes de rayos X situadas fuera de la galaxia. 
Esta imagen es una combinación de los datos recogidos por el telescopio espacial XMM-Newton de la ESA en la banda de los rayos X (en azul) y de las observaciones realizadas desde el Observatorio Interamericano del Cerro Tololo, en Chile. Al tomar las fotografías desde tierra se utilizaron unos filtros especiales que permiten revelar el brillo del oxígeno (representado en color verde) y el del hidrógeno (en color rojo). La composición nos muestra una región con una extensión de unos 457 años luz. 
NASA
Guillermo Gonzalo Sánchez Achutegui
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